Hard Fork

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A hard fork is a change to a cryptocurrency protocol that makes previously invalid blocks/transactions valid, and therefore requires all users / software to upgrade. It could be any alteration to a coin which changes the block structure (including block hash), difficulty rules, or increases the set of valid transactions. You can think of a hard fork as a change of rules.

Unlike a softfork, a hardfork is not backward-compatible: unupdated nodes will not recognise the new blocks as valid.

Reference

[A Short Guide to Bitcoin Forks](http://www.coindesk.com/short-guide-bitcoin-forks-explained/)